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SUMMARIES

Others Chapter 15 (the text of the Bible)

This chapter examines the evidence available to scholars of the biblical text as the achievement of realistic goals, such as determination of the oldest readings, ancient manuscripts and provide an understanding of the development of biblical texts in the history of transmission their work. How did the ancient biblical texts have been transmitted to our times? What forms does it exist? To what extent these forms can restore confidencerepresent the words of the original authors? The authors noted that the printed Hebrew Bible and Greek New Testament are artificial entities created in relatively modern times, the documents in ancient manuscripts. duplicated copy causes some changes and realize the copyists Text''richtige''oder''''das change to improve the original. The authors noted that there are about 5,350 different manuscripts of the New Testament greek. What can explain this wide variationwritten in the papers as the beginning of the history of the text of the New Testament? In addition to copying errors and writing, Christianity was growing rapidly in the early centuries and the New Testament, developed together with him to meet their needs. Overall, the situation appears text of the Hebrew Bible much more stable than the New Testament greek. However, the situation is more complicated than it looks. We should not assume that the momentumRichtige''Text''was no less active in the Old Testament as a writer at the Christian scribes. The authors note that in the Bible passages that are sufficiently similar to indicate that they derive from the same source (or other), but sufficiently different to establish whether there is a great freedom in dealing with the text during the time the books of the Bible written. Some duplicate (Psalm 14 and 53, 40: 14-18 and 70: 2-6) and three tests (IIKings 18:13 ff, Isaiah 36:1 and II Chronicles 32:1 ff ff ff and Jeremiah 39:1, Jeremiah 52:4 and II Kings 25:1 ff ff) provide supporting evidence. The textual situation of the biblical text, clergymen (known to Jews as the wisdom of Jesus has become a father) is discussed. The authors noted that it was sometimes in rabbinic literature was cited, although it has never officially admitted to the Hebrew canon.

b. Chapter 16 (Translation of the Bible)

It 's a paradox that no more than noteread a percentage of the Bible reader can change the text in Hebrew and greek. The result is a very strong dependence of the translation. This chapter describes some of the challenges faced in translating the Bible. As good readers are served, depending on the translation? If such a player to be sure that the translation in general or in particular 'to them the whole Bible and nothing but the Bible? Gabel, Wheeler and York are correct to note that one can not be completely accurate translationother in a language, since there is no generally accepted text of the Bible translated and secondly, that full faith in the translation no (included in the Bible) is not always possible.

The creation of a text is very complicated and potentially boring. Require a translation of "the whole Bible and nothing but the Bible" is a company that does not exist. The ideal of translation (transfer all the original meaning of the wordLanguage Sprache''''Rezeptor) can never be realized. Some may be original meaning behind during an additional sense introduced on the left. How can you choose between different translations? What are the criteria in the election? The authors suggest that readers should use the combination of feature matching formal and dynamic equivalence. The first is the quality of a translation, which reproduces the mechanical properties of the shape of the source were inReceptor language. The latter is the quality of a translation, the message of the original text have been speaking receptor that transmits the response of the receptor, like the original receptor. According to a translation of it is at the mercy of translators. A recommendation is realistic at least two or three versions use to double or triple the number of available expertise in a particular passage.

c. Appendix II (Writing in Biblicaltimes)

The Bible was a book by hand for a much longer time than it was a printed book. What was needed, found to create a formal document written in the centuries before the press? In this system, the technical writer to write a light conditions that we questioned the Bible as a physical object warehouse.

Writing is regarded as an invention of ancient man. Clay, animal skin and papyrus are three mainMaterials for writing in the West and the Middle East took up introduction of handmade paper from along the East after the biblical period. The author draws a series of biblical stories with the relevant records. Moses writes about the labels rock (Ex. 34:28-29), Joshua inscribed a copy of the Law of Moses (Joshua 8:32), Isaiah is commissioned, a large table (Isaiah 8:1), then write a symbolic name to him, Ezekiel is given a roll of Yahweh, the writer for the food, it ismaybe a small roll of papyrus (Ezekiel 3:1-2) including, Jeremiah dictated to an oracle of destruction of Judah is at Baruch his secretary, takes in ink on a scroll (Jer 36). At the end of II Timothy, the author claims that the scrolls will be brought to him, especially the parchments, and John has to scroll a bit '(Revelation 10:9-10) eat. According Autoren''Vermutung, the Pentateuch, history books, Job, Psalms and Proverbs was written on the skin(Available locally in Israel) or papyrus (Egypt). He said the oracle of the prophet would likely have outstanding oral and written initially in the form of notes on shards of ceramic or wood and then on leather and papyrus. Parchment, they believed, could have chosen later, as an alternative. Moreover, the movement haunted by the role of the Code of parchment and papyrus.

ANSWER

Others Chapter 15 (the text of the Bible)

The writers are correct to note thatThe task of scholarship of the biblical text is not easy, since the theoretical goal (ie, a weed is no change so will return to the original text as the authors who wrote them) will never be reached, because it is never evidence enough to complete it. It has rightly observed that the very idea of a single original text is itself an illusion.

b. Chapter 16 (Translation of the Bible)

The authors have little to separate the challenges faced in translating,which makes it relatively difficult for the reader to fully understand the debate. Here, the strength of Omanson (1988) is located. He divided the problems into different categories? textual grammar of kinship and gender pronouns. Another vivid summary is also worth mentioning:

First, no matter how good a translation, it has limits. The Bible was originally written with 11,280 Hebrew, Aramaic, and greek, but the typical English translation uses only around6,000 words. Obviously, nuances and shades of meaning can be lost, it is useful to compare the translations (Warren 2002, 325).

It is obvious that "the translation, you can use are correct, of course, but it can also be false" (Fee and Stuart 1982, 29). A limitation of this chapter is the history of Bible translations in English measurement, but the authors acknowledged that a history equivalent of other European languages.

c. Appendix(Written in biblical times)

Perhaps the most impressive feature of his presentation is the way the author portrays the great gulf that separates our world, with its low cost and widespread literacy materials printed by the developed world where the Bible? and in which he distributed so many centuries. However, it is regrettable that are not as impressive as similar presentation Patz 'to write, copy and transfer the NewTestament manuscripts (Patz 1995). Unlike Patz, there are images, a graphical representation of these texts have appeared on various materials given in writing. In general, the fact that the text in its third edition, published in twenty seven cities its meaning. The authors provide important background information of the kind that only a few students or the time or opportunity to have every other piece of the enormous mass of published material on the environmentBible.

List of References
Fee and Douglas Stuart Gordon. 1992 How to Read the Bible for all its worth: a guide to understanding the Bible. Michigan: The Zondervan Corporation.
Omanson, Roger L. 1988 can be reached from here?: Problems with translation of the Bible. Christian Century. 22-29 June.
Patz, Arthur G. 1995th The emergence of the New Testament: Origin, Collection, Text and Canon. Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter Varsity Press.
Warren, Rick. 2002 The Purpose DrivenLife: What on life, I'm here? Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan.

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SUMMARY

a. Chapter 15 (The text of the Bible)

In this chapter, an assessment of the evidence available to scientists in the biblical text of their work on realistic goals such as determining the oldest of the readings, ancient manuscripts, and will provide an understanding of the development of biblical texts in the history of their transmission. How did the ancient biblical texts have been transmitted to our time? What are the forms and does not exist? To what extent can we rely on these formsrepresent the real words of the original authors? The authors note that printed Hebrew Bible and Greek New Testament artificial entities that are created in relatively modern times by the evidence in ancient manuscripts. Repeated copying brings some changes and changes to the original copyists knowingly korrekt''''oder''verbessern''das. The authors note that there are about 5350 different manuscripts of the New Testament greek. What can explain this wide variationamong the first documents written in the history of the New Testament? In addition to copying errors, and was writing, Christianity grew rapidly in the early centuries and the New Testament, developed together with him to meet his needs. In general, the situation of the text of the Hebrew Bible seems much more stable than the New Testament greek. However, the situation is more complicated than it looks. We should not assume that the desire tono less active in writers of the Old Testament with Christian writers richtige''Text''was. The authors note that it places in the Bible to show fairly similar to the one from the same source (or other), but also sufficiently different to demonstrate that there is great freedom in dealing with the text during the time of the books of Bible were written. Some double (Psalm 14 and 53, 40: 14-18 and 70: 2-6) and three copies of the texts (IIKings 18:13 ff, Isaiah 36:1 and II Chronicles 32:1 ff ff, ff, and Jeremiah 39:1, Jeremiah, II Kings 25:1 ff and 52.4 g), suggest that there is evidence to support . The textual situation of apocryphal texts, (the clergy, the Jews as "The wisdom of Jesus' father was known to be discussed). The authors note that it was sometimes referred to in rabbinic literature, although it has never officially admitted to the canon Hebrew.

b. Chapter 16 (Bible translation)

It is a paradox to note that no more thanone per cent can read the reader of the Bible in Hebrew and text greek. The result is a very strong dependence of the translation. This chapter presents some problems in translating the Bible to be addressed. As good readers must be notified, based on translations? Readers who can to make sure that the translation in general or in a given them the whole Bible and nothing but the Bible? Gabel, Wheeler and York are correct to observe that a translation can not be completely faithfulin another language, because there is no generally accepted text of the Bible was true, and secondly, the need for full fidelity) is nothing in the translation (including translation of the Bible is not always possible.

The creation of a text is therefore very complex and perhaps tedious. Request a translation of the whole Bible and nothing but the Bible "is to imagine a society that does not exist. The ideal of translation (with all the meaning of the word leading from the originalLanguage for language'''') receptor can not be realized. Some of the original meaning behind them, while a further direction could be imposed. How can you choose between the different translations? What criteria should result in the election? The authors suggest that the reader with the characteristic combination of formal correspondence, and must use the dynamic equivalence. The first is the quality of a translation, in which the properties of the form of source text have been reproduced mechanicallyReceptor language. The second is the quality of a translation that was the message of the original text was then transported to the receptor language, which is the response of the receptor as that of the original receptor. A second translation is by the grace of being the translator. A realistic recommendation is to use at least two or three versions of doubling or tripling the number of opinions on a particular passage.

c. Annex II (letter in the Bibletimes)

The Bible was a book written by hand for a much longer time than had been in a printed book. What was needed to create a formal document written during the many centuries before the press has taken over? In this appendix, the authors have studied the technique of writing conditions that have shed light on the Bible as a physical object.

Writing is a very ancient invention of man shall be taken into account. Clay, animal skins and papyrus, as the three mainmaterials used for writing in the West and the Middle East until the introduction of hand-made paper from the Far East long after the biblical period. The author traces a series of Bible stories with the relevant records. Moses wrote on the labels of stone (Exodus 34:28-29), Joshua engraved with a copy of the Law of Moses (Joshua 8:32), Isaiah is in charge, a large tablet (Isaiah 8:1) and writing symbolic names on them, Ezekiel receives a roll of eating from the Lord, which the authors are after,perhaps seen as a small roll of papyrus (Ezekiel 3:1-2), Jeremiah dictated an oracle on the future destruction of Judah to his secretary Baruch, is resumed in ink on a roll (Jer 36). At the end of II Timothy, the author claims that the roles are brought to him, especially the parchments, and John is required to eat a small book (Revelation 10:9-10). Would be the end of Autoren''Voraussetzung, the Pentateuch, history books, Job, Proverbs and Psalms were written on leather(locally available to Israel) or papyrus (Egypt). He said the widespread predictions of the prophets would have probably spoken and written, initially in the form of notes on broken glass or wood, and then click on leather and papyrus. Parchment, they thought that they could subsequently chosen as an alternative. Moreover, the movement control from the code on parchment and papyrus.

REPLY

a. Chapter 15 (The text of the Bible)

The writers are correct to note thatthe task of scholarship of the biblical text is not easy, since the theoretical goal (eradication changes of any kind, and then return to the original texts, as the authors who wrote them) is never there, the evidence is not is never enough to reach them in practice. E 'right to stress that the idea of a single original text itself is an illusion.

b. Chapter 16 (Bible translation)

The authors have little to separate the challenges in translationwhich is relatively difficult for the reader to fully understand the debate. Here the strength of Omanson (1988) is located. He divides the problem into different categories? Text, grammar, notions of kinship and gender pronoun. Another living synthesis is also worth mentioning:

First, no matter how good a translation, it has limitations. The Bible was originally written with 11,280 Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek words, but the typical English translation uses only around6000 words. Of course, the nuances and shades of meaning can be lost, so it's always useful to compare the translations (Warren 2002, 325) a.

It 'a fact that "the translation, you can use true, of course, but it can also be false" (Fee and Stuart 1982, 29). A limitation of this chapter is the story of the recording of Bible translation in English only, but the authors, the fact that it recognized an equivalent history of other European languages.

c. Asset(Writing in biblical times)

Perhaps the most impressive feature is its presentation is the way the author portrays the great gulf that separates our world with its cheap printing and education spread throughout the world, developed in the Bible? and where it spread to so many hundred years. However, it is regrettable that are not as impressive as similar representation Patzi 'to write, copy and transfer the NewTestament (Patzi 1995). Unlike Patz, there are pictures to give a graphical representation of how these texts appeared in various materials in writing. In general, the fact that the text itself is in its third edition was published in twenty-seven city shows its importance. The authors provide important background information of the kind that only a few students have the time nor the ability to put together by the enormous mass of publications onBible.

LIST OF REFERENCES
Fee, Gordon and Douglas Stuart. 1992 As the Bible for all the trouble to read: A guide to understanding the Bible. Michigan: The Zondervan Corporation.
Omanson, Roger L. 1988 Can You Get There From Here?: Problems with translation of the Bible. Christian Century. 22-29 June.
Patz, Arthur G. 1995. The emergence of the New Testament: Origin, Collection, Text and Canon. Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter-Varsity Press.
Warren, Rick. 2002 Purpose Driven 'sLife: What life am I here? Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan.